 DistroWatch Weekly |
| DistroWatch Weekly, Issue 700, 20 February 2017 |
Welcome to the 700th issue of DistroWatch Weekly!
Sometimes it feels good to put aside the bright lights and smooth buttons of a graphical desktop environment and dig into the lower levels of an operating system. Much of the power of modern Linux and BSD systems comes from the underlying tools, the command line and its utilities. This week we explore some lower level features and some more technical environments, beginning with a look at RaspBSD, a special build of FreeBSD for the Raspberry Pi computer. We also talk about various command line tricks to make life easier in our Tips and Tricks column. The subject of command line use and how much time our readers spend typing commands is the subject of this week's opinion poll. Plus, in our News section, we discuss Debian replacing the Icedove e-mail application with Thunderbird, GParted working with LUKS encrypted volumes and Fedora's software licensing guidelines. We also discuss new features in Linux Mint, FreeBSD's Quarterly Status Report and challenges DragonFlyBSD is facing while upgrading their ports tree. We are also happy to share last week's releases and we provide a list of the torrents we are seeding. And we are pleased to welcome the OSGeo-Live distribution to our database. We wish you all a superb week and happy reading!
Content:
- Reviews: RaspBSD
- News: Debian swaps out Icedove for Thunderbird, GParted Live to support LUKS, Fedora's licensing guidelines, Mint's new features, FreeBSD's Status Report, DragonFlyBSD works to update video card support
- Tips and tricks: Shell switching, battery charge, getting the system's IP address and dealing with stubborn processes
- Released last week: Ubuntu 16.04.2, RancherOS 0.8.0, ReactOS 0.4.4
- Torrent corner: CRUX, DEFT Linux, LinHES, Parsix GNU/Linux, ReactOS
- Opinion poll: Time spent on the command line
- New additions: OSGeo-Live
- New distributions: Emmi Linux, ToaruOS
- Reader comments
Listen to the Podcast edition of this week's DistroWatch Weekly in OGG (52MB) and MP3 (33MB) formats.
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| Feature Story (by Jesse Smith) |
RaspBSD
RaspBSD is a FreeBSD-based project which strives to create a custom build of FreeBSD for single board and hobbyist computers. RaspBSD takes a recent snapshot of FreeBSD and adds on additional components, such as the LXDE desktop and a few graphical applications. The RaspBSD project currently has live images for Raspberry Pi devices, the Banana Pi, Pine64 and BeagleBone Black & Green computers.
I decided to give the RaspBSD operating system a try on my Raspberry Pi 2 computer. The download images vary a good deal in size, for example the Raspberry Pi B download is 267MB while my compressed Raspberry Pi 2 image was a 746MB download. Once the compressed file was downloaded, I unpacked it and the result was a 2384MB (2.3GB) image file I could write to my SD card.
Inserting the card into my Pi booted the RaspBSD operating system which, for all practical purposes, is FreeBSD 12.0-CURRENT. When the operating system finishes booting, we can sign into the Pi over secure shell using the account name raspberry and the password raspberry. There is a root account on the system which is, by default, not protected by a password. However, the root account cannot be accessed remotely. Signing into the Pi gives us a command line interface and the login message provides links to FreeBSD's documentation and helpful resources.
Running RaspBSD on an 8GB SD card provided me with a fairly standard FreeBSD installation on a 7GB root partition. Of that 7GB, 1.9GB of space is used by the base operating system, utilities and the LXDE desktop. This leaves us with 4.5GB of free space, once reserved space is taken into account. RaspBSD does not set up swap space for us.
The default RaspBSD system is quite minimal, running a mere 16 processes when I was logged in. In the background the operating system runs cron, OpenSSH, syslog and the powerd power management service. Other than the user's shell and terminals, nothing else is running. This means RaspBSD uses little memory, requiring just 16MB of active memory and 31MB of wired or kernel memory.
One of the first things I did with RaspBSD was to see if I could attach a ZFS volume I had stored on an external drive. RaspBSD ships with ZFS modules enabled by default and this allowed me to import my external drive's ZFS pool as RaspBSD's root user. From there, I was able to check the ZFS pool's status, look at snapshots and copy files to and from the external drive. With my 2TB storage pool attached to the system, RaspBSD used about an extra 25MB of memory (16MB active, 56MB wired).
About a year and a half ago I experimented with FreeBSD on my Raspberry Pi and had to compile my own ZFS kernel modules. I also ran into a series of stability issues when transferring files between the root UFS partition and external ZFS partition. I was pleased to find ZFS is now included by default and the stability issues I encountered previously have been resolved.
Should we wish to add extra software to our copy of RaspBSD, we can use the pkg command line package manager. RaspBSD connects to the FreeBSD's software repositories and this gives us access to several thousand pre-compiled packages. We can then upgrade existing packages or install new software. I found unpacking and installing new software happened slowly and any effort to access files on the SD card while pkg was working took a long time. The week I was running RaspBSD, I downloaded 51 upgraded packages, totalling 114MB in size.
On the subject of software updates, I checked to see if I could update the core operating system using FreeBSD's freebsd-update utility. The freebsd-update program was unable to find a server with the files it needed, which means binary software updates are probably not available for RaspBSD's core operating system. The RaspBSD does not included FreeBSD's source code in the root file system, probably in an effort to save space on small SD cards. We could download the code and build or patch our operating system from source, but this is likely to be a long and tedious process. Disk access on RaspBSD was quite slow and accessing the disk tended to be a severe bottleneck when performing tasks.
Earlier I mentioned RaspBSD ships with the LXDE graphical environment and a small collection of desktop applications. The operating system does provide these tools, though during my trial I was focused entirely on using the RaspBSD operating system remotely over secure shell. I did try running a handful of desktop applications remotely via OpenSSH's X11 forwarding capability. This worked and I was able to remotely run desktop applications on RaspBSD, though performance was somewhat sluggish.
I made note of a few practical differences between running RaspBSD on the Pi verses my usual Raspbian operating system. One minor difference is RaspBSD turns off the Pi's external power light after booting. Raspbian leaves the light on. This means it looks like the Pi is off when it is running RaspBSD, but it also saves a little electricity.
When running the shutdown -r command on RaspBSD to restart the computer, the Pi would power off and not come back on-line. If I ran reboot though the Pi would restart as expected. On the subject of rebooting, I noticed that RaspBSD would not automatically re-mount my external ZFS volume when the system booted. I could add a start-up command to handle this, but it is something FreeBSD (on x86 servers) and Raspbian both do automatically.
Conclusions
Apart from these little differences, running RaspBSD on the Pi was a very similar experience to running Raspbian and my time with the operating system was pleasantly trouble-free. Long-term, I think applying source updates to the base system might be tedious and SD disk operations were slow. However, the Pi usually is not utilized for its speed, but rather its low cost and low-energy usage. For people who are looking for a small home server or very minimal desktop box, RaspBSD running on the Pi should be suitable.
I am definitely pleased to see ZFS support improved in recent builds of FreeBSD/RaspBSD and I like that RaspBSD users have access to FreeBSD's massive collection of pre-built binary packages. This should make setting up a Pi with a FreeBSD-powered web server or NAS much more appealing than it was a year ago.
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| Miscellaneous News (by Jesse Smith) |
Debian swaps out Icedove for Thunderbird, GParted Live to support LUKS, Fedora's licensing guidelines, Mint's new features, FreeBSD's Status Report, DragonFlyBSD works to update video card support
For some time now the Debian distribution has shipped a re-branded version of the Mozilla Thunderbird e-mail application, called Icedove. The Icedove package contained no trademarks of the Mozilla organization and could be patched or modified as Debian's developers wished. However, times change and Debian is planning to return to packaging the Thunderbird application and will be phasing out Icedove. Christoph Goehre writes: "Hi Debian Developers and followers. Thunderbird is back in Debian! We also renamed other related packages to use official names, e.g. iceowl-extension -> lightning. For now, we need testers to catch existing issues and things we haven't seen
until now. What happens the first time you start Thunderbird? With the change to the official Mozilla branding the user's profile will also be changing from '$HOME/.icedove' to '$HOME/.thunderbird' so we need to migrate the profile folder." Details on the transition and things which still need to be tested can be found in this mailing list post.
* * * * *
Fans of LUKS encrypted file systems received some good news this week. The GParted partitioning management software (commonly used through GParted Live) now supports working with LUKS encrypted volumes as of version 0.28.0. "This release adds partial read-write support for LUKS encrypted file systems. GParted can't create, open or close LUKS encryption volumes; however it can copy, resize and manipulate file systems inside open LUKS volumes and move closed LUKS volumes. (Resizing requires Linux kernel >= 3.6 and libparted >= 3.2 for online partition resizing)." The GParted project included a reminder that people who use these features should first create backups of any important files as manipulating partitions and volumes can result in data loss.
* * * * *
The Fedora distribution has one of the more strict licensing requirements in the Linux community. The project attempts to ship only free software on its installation media and provides only free software in its software repositories, with a few rare exceptions such as binary firmware. There are good reasons for this and Tom Callaway has laid them all out in a talk, covered by LWN. Callaway presented the history of Red Hat Linux and Fedora, some of the legal concerns Red Hat has faced and efforts to simplify the licensing guidelines for the distribution. "Licensing was the next problem. Red Hat Linux used to have a "contrib" repository, where people put all sorts of stuff that had been built against Red Hat Linux so that it could be more widely used. When Fedora opened up, busy volunteers took nearly everything in contrib and threw it into Fedora. Unfortunately, much of this effort happened with no particular concern for licenses. There was a "license" field in the database of packages, but instead of "GPLv3" or "MIT", it often said things like "distributable", or in one memorable case, simply "ok". Callaway went through Fedora and found over 350 different licenses, including 16 BSD variants and 34 MIT variants (there were still more of those, but he stopped counting at 34)." The LWN article is an interesting read and covers some of the legal and practical concerns surrounding distributing open source software.
* * * * *
The Linux Mint team has been hard at work recently, preparing updated media for both the project's main editions (which are based on Ubuntu) and Linux Mint Debian Edition. Some of the features Mint users can expect to see include better Bluetooth support and Bluetooth file transfers through the Blueberry utility. "OBEX file transfers are now supported out of the box, so you can send files very easily over Bluetooth to your computer from any remote device. An option was added also so you can change the Bluetooth name of your computer. That name usually defaults to your hostname or to mint-0 and many people don't know how to change it via the command line. Last but not least, in addition to its cross-desktop system tray, Blueberry now provides a Cinnamon applet which uses symbolic icons and looks similar to other status applets, such as the power, sound or network applets. When this applet is present, the tray icon is hidden." Mint's Xed text editor is gaining the ability to sort lines of text as well as quickly change the size of text in the editor. Mint's Xplayer video player is also getting some new features, including a more compact interface and short-cut keys for handing subtitles and language support. Further details can be found in this Mint Monthly News post.
* * * * *
The FreeBSD project has posted a new Quarterly Status Report which summarizes the progress and on-going tasks of the various FreeBSD teams. The latest Quarterly Report offers insight into the project's progress on ARM boards, updates to the WINE ports, efforts to make the LLVM linker (LLD) the default linker on FreeBSD and updates to the GNU Compiler Collection. The report also talks about efforts to make builds of FreeBSD reproducible: "Reproducible builds are a set of software development practices which create a verifiable path from human readable source code to the binary code used by computers. A build is reproducible if given the same source code, build environment and build instructions, any party can recreate bit-for-bit identical copies of all specified artifacts. Baptiste Daroussin and Ed Maste attended the second Reproducible Builds Summit last December, in Berin. We discussed issues of common interest to operating system providers, including other BSDs and Linux distributions. Following the summit, changes were committed to the FreeBSD base system to address outstanding sources of non-reproducibility. It is now possible to build the FreeBSD base system (kernel and userland) completely reproducibly, although it currently requires a few non-default settings. Approximately 80% of the ports tree builds reproducibly, with a few work-in-progress patches. Now that the base system can be built reproducibly, focus will move on to the ports tree." The Quarterly Status Report has further details.
* * * * *
Following some of the changes being worked on by the FreeBSD team to improve video driver support, including importing video drivers from Linux, the DragonFlyBSD team is now playing catch-up with the many changes happening in the FreeBSD ports tree. Rimvydas Jasinskas explains: As some of you are aware there were some recent developments regarding the DragonFly ports collection and FreeBSD-ports in general. Huge graphics stack update (including but not limited to dri, gbm, libdrm, libEGL, libGL, clang39, xorg-server and its drivers) was just pushed without giving us a any heads up to prepare for it or perform an early testing. This came as a surprise since last time we were notified about upcoming developments that allowed us could construct, patch and test the new stack. This is how RadeonSI card support was added to Xorg for the Radeon owners to enjoy running their desktop machines with accelerated graphics. We pushed ours and later FreeBSD pushed theirs since we have a different level of GPU support in kernel DRM drivers yet we share the same ports tree. However, this time it was not the case and we are trying to understand what has happened. We are aware that there is huge ongoing effort to finally import the DRM 4.9 GPU drivers from Linux using linux-kpi emulator layer allowing to copy/paste Linux drivers almost without modifications including the OFED. We understand this is quite an achievement that FreeBSD users will finally be able to run their desktop machines without a need to buy expensive NVIDIA cards and use binary blobs." The post goes on to explore some of the challenges the DragonFlyBSD ports team is facing as they try to test the new changes before releasing DragonFlyBSD 4.8.
* * * * *
These and other news stories can be found on our Headlines page.
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| Tips and Tricks (by Jesse Smith) |
Shell switching, battery charge, getting the system's IP address and dealing with stubborn processes
Part of what makes Linux a flexible and powerful system is the wide range of command line tools. This week I would like to cover some useful tips and address questions I have received concerning the Linux command line.
First, I want to address a question I received that asked how a person can go about changing which command line shell they are using. The shell is the process which interprets your commands and runs programs. Most Linux distributions default to using the bash shell, but there are several others. Different shells use different syntax and some have handy features to make navigating the file system or running commands easier.
To get a list of available shells on your system, look in the /etc/shells file. This will list the available shells with their complete path names. We can see the list of shells by running
cat /etc/shells
Additional shells may be available in your distribution's software repositories. Performing a search for the term "shell" in your package manager should provide you with a list of alternative command line shells.
If we want to experiment with a shell, just for now, we can launch a shell from within our existing shell. For example, if I want to run the tcsh shell, I can run
tcsh
When I am finished exploring tcsh I can type exit to return to my default shell. Once we have found a shell we want to continue using we can switch our default shell by running the chsh command. For example, if I want to switch to using the tcsh shell, I can run
chsh -s /usr/bin/tcsh
Please note that I provided the full directory path to the new shell. When we change our shell we should always provide its full path, as specified in the /etc/shells file.
* * * * *
Have you ever wanted to check the status of your laptop's battery from the command line? If you have the ACPI package installed, this is an easy task. From the command line, simply run the command
acpi
The acpi command will show you whether your battery is charging or discharging, the percentage of the charge remaining and an estimate of how long your battery will continue to run your laptop. The acpi command can be made to show additional information.
acpi -V
The above command will not only display battery charge information, but also the temperature of the CPU and other information acpi can gather from your computer's sensors.
* * * * *
In case you are wondering what your address is on the local network or Internet, there are a few ways to get this information. You can get your local network IP address by running either the ifconfig or ip commands, depending on your distribution. The grep command can be used to filter out the extra networking information we do not need. Here we see an example with ifconfig:
ifconfig | grep inet
And here we get the same information from the ip command:
ip address show | grep inet
You may notice multiple addresses being displayed. Usually, you will see one address which is listed as 127.0.0.1 or as ::1. These addresses are special values which your computer can use as a quick way to reference itself. A connection to the address 127.0.0.1 simply accesses services on your own computer. The other address you see is how other computers and devices on the same network can identify you.
The above commands are useful for getting your IP address on the local network, but if you are wondering what your address is from the point of view of other people on the Internet, you need to ask another computer how they identify you. This can typically be done with the curl command and any number of public services which will send you back your address when contacted. As an example, the ifconfig.me server will send us back our Internet address when we contact it:
curl ifconfig.me
* * * * *
Sooner or later we all run into misbehaving desktop applications which lock-up or refuse to close. Some desktop environments will handle situations like this for us, offering to terminate applications which are no longer responding. Other desktop environments are less proactive and leave us to deal with the problem program ourselves. There are a few ways to handle a desktop application which is not responding. On most desktop Linux systems we can run the xkill program. The xkill program, when run, turns the mouse cursor into an X and the next window we click on gets immediately terminated.
Another approach we can take, which should work for any application whether it is an application running on the X display server or not, is to run the pkill command and provide it with the name of the program we want to stop. The pkill command finds applications with matching names and terminates them. As an example, let us assume the gedit text editor has stopped responding to input. We can terminate it using the following command:
pkill gedit
The only problem with this approach is pkill could find multiple programs with the name and shut them all down. To avoid this interrupting your work, I recommend saving anything you have open in similarly named programs before running the pkill command.
* * * * *
These tips, along with other tutorials, can be found in our Tips and Tricks archive.
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| Released Last Week |
DEFT Linux 2017.1 "Zero"
After more than two years of apparent hiatus, the Ubuntu-based DEFT Linux distribution (featuring specialist tools for forensic analysis) has sprung to life with a new release. Dubbed as "DEFT Zero" and labelled as version 2017.1, the new build is much more compact and lightweight, but it brings some useful new features: "DEFT Zero 2017.1 ready for download. We can finally announce that a stable version of DEFT Zero is available. DEFT Zero is a light edition of DEFT specifically designed to perform forensic acquisition of digital evidence. Among the biggest features is the support to NVMExpress memory (MacBook 2015), eMMC memories and UEFI. DEFT Zero requires considerably lower space in RAM and on a CDROM or USB drive. It needs about 400 MB, which can even boot in the RAM pre-loaded mode on a obsolete and low-resource hardware. DEFT Zero is based on Lubuntu 14.04.02 LTS and its future releases will be developed in parallel with DEFT full edition." Here is the brief release announcement,
RancherOS 0.8.0
Sven Dowideit has announced the release of RancherOS 0.8.0, an updated build of the project's minimalist Linux distribution designed for running Docker containers: "RancherOS release - version 0.8.0. Linux 4.9.9 (amd64), Linux 4.4.43 hypriot-v7+ (Raspberry Pi), Docker 1.12.6 default, Docker 1.13.0 available for testing. Note: due to the change from Ubuntu kernels to mainline stable Linux kernels, the Xfce console is currently not supported, and upgrading systems that use that console will probably break. New features: RancherOS now uses an unmodified current mainline Linux kernel 4.9; cloud-init now runs before most system services, allowing it to be used to customize or replace services; image name validation for service, console and engine commands; completely new installation code - replaces GRUB with Syslinux (including upgrade; you can now boot from the ISO image without a net connection and the install will run using the installer image...." Here is the full release announcement with a list of new features and bug fixes.
ReactOS 0.4.4
ReactOS is an open source operating system which seeks to be binary compatible with Microsoft Windows, capable of running Windows applications. The project's latest release, ReactOS 0.4.4, introduces printing support and offers several visual improvements and graphical fixes. "Today marks the fifth release of the ReactOS 0.4.x series, as well as the fifth following the 4 month release cycle started by 0.4.0 itself. Progress has continued steadily, with a great deal of work going on in the background to improve ReactOS' general usability and stability. Many of these improvements were on display at the FOSDEM convention in Brussels that took place on the 4th and 5th of this month. Certainly one of the more notable albeit less visible additions was the incorporation of basic printing support by Colin Finck. At present ReactOS is only capable of sending print commands to a parallel port printer, but this is the first step towards universal support and Colin should be applauded for his effort." Further details and screen shots can be found in the project's release announcement. ReactOS is available in two editions, the first provides an installation disc while the second offers a live desktop environment.
Ubuntu 16.04.2
The second maintenance update of the Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (long-term support) release is now ready for download: "The Ubuntu team is pleased to announce the release of Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS for its Desktop, Server and Cloud products, as well as other flavours of Ubuntu with long-term support. Like previous LTS series, 16.04.2 includes hardware enablement stacks for use on newer hardware." The above comes from the release announcement published by Adam Conrad. The change summary page offers a detailed description of all the bug fixes since Ubuntu 16.04.1. As usual, updated images for Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Mythbuntu, Ubuntu GNOME, Lubuntu, Ubuntu Kylin, Ubuntu MATE and Ubuntu Studio are also provided.
Ubuntu 16.04 -- Running the Unity desktop
(full image size: 589kB, resolution: 1600x900 pixels)
GParted Live 0.28.1-1
Curtis Gedak has announced the availability of a new version of the GParted Live Linux distribution. GParted Live provides users with a Debian-based live CD with which to manipulate, rescue and rescue disk partitions from within a graphical user interface. The latest version, GParted Live 0.28.1-1, features version 4.9.6 of the Linux kernel and offers the ability to work with LUKS encrypted file systems. "The GParted team is pleased to announce another stable release of GParted Live. This release includes GParted 0.28.1, patches for libparted for FAT file system operations, and other improvements. This release includes partial read-write support for LUKS encrypted file systems. GParted can't create, open or close LUKS encryption volumes; however it can copy, resize and manipulate file systems inside open LUKS volumes and move closed LUKS volumes. (Resizing requires Linux kernel >= 3.6 and libparted >= 3.2 for online partition resizing)." Further details can be found in the project's release announcement.
* * * * *
Development, unannounced and minor bug-fix releases
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| Torrent Corner |
Weekly Torrents
The table below provides a list of torrents DistroWatch is currently seeding. If you do not have a bittorrent client capable of handling the linked files, we suggest installing either the Transmission or KTorrent bittorrent clients.
Archives of our previously seeded torrents may be found in our Torrent Archive. Thanks to Linux Tracker we are able to share the following torrent statistics.
Torrent Corner statistics:
- Total torrents seeded: 300
- Total data uploaded: 57.2TB
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| Upcoming Releases and Announcements |
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Summary of expected upcoming releases
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| Opinion Poll |
Time spent on the command line
Many of us, who have either been using Linux for a long time or used command line driven systems (such as DOS) previously, tend to grow comfortable with typing commands. Some of us keep a virtual terminal open at all times because quickly switching to it to fire off a command can be faster than opening a new window to deal with a situation in a graphical interface.
This week we would like to find out approximately how much of your time do you spend using a virtual terminal. Are you typing commands all day, perhaps a few times a day, or do you prefer to use graphical applications exclusively?
You can see the results of our previous poll on archive formats here. All previous poll results can be found in our poll archives.
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Time spent on the command line
| I use the command line almost exclusively: | 220 (10%) |
| I use the command line multiple times per day: | 1125 (51%) |
| I use the command line about once per day: | 278 (12%) |
| I use the command line weekly: | 249 (11%) |
| I rarely use the command line: | 319 (14%) |
| I never use the command line: | 36 (2%) |
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| DistroWatch.com News |
New distributions added to database
OSGeo-Live
OSGeo-Live is a bootable DVD, USB thumb drive or Virtual Machine based on Lubuntu, that allows the user to try a wide variety of open source geospatial software without installing anything. It is composed entirely of free software, allowing it to be freely distributed, duplicated and passed around. OSGeo-Live provides pre-configured applications for a range of geospatial use cases, including storage, publishing, viewing, analysis and manipulation of data. It also contains sample datasets and documentation.
OSGeo-Live 10.0 -- Running the LXDE desktop
(full image size: 1.1MB, resolution: 1280x1024 pixels)
* * * * *
Distributions added to waiting list
- Emmi Linux. Emmi Linux is a Brazilian Linux distribution based on openSUSE Leap. The distribution is available in Xfce, LXQt and MATE editions.
- ToaruOS. ToaruOS is a hobby kernel and supporting userspace, built mostly from scratch. While not a Linux distribution, the project does provide a UNIX-like environment. It features a small collection of applications and a graphical desktop environment.
* * * * *
DistroWatch database summary
* * * * *
This concludes this week's issue of DistroWatch Weekly. The next instalment will be published on Monday, 27 February 2017. Past articles and reviews can be found through our Article Search page. To contact the authors please send e-mail to:
- Jesse Smith (feedback, questions and suggestions: distribution reviews/submissions, questions and answers, tips and tricks)
- Ladislav Bodnar (feedback, questions, donations, comments)
- Bruce Patterson (podcast)
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| Archives |
| • Issue 1091 (2024-10-07): Redox OS 0.9.0, Unified package management vs universal package formats, Redox begins RISC-V port, Mint polishes interface, Qubes certifies new laptop |
| • Issue 1090 (2024-09-30): Rhino Linux 2024.2, commercial distros with alternative desktops, Valve seeks to improve Wayland performance, HardenedBSD parterns with Protectli, Tails merges with Tor Project, Quantum Leap partners with the FreeBSD Foundation |
| • Issue 1089 (2024-09-23): Expirion 6.0, openKylin 2.0, managing configuration files, the future of Linux development, fixing bugs in Haiku, Slackware packages dracut |
| • Issue 1088 (2024-09-16): PorteuX 1.6, migrating from Windows 10 to which Linux distro, making NetBSD immutable, AlmaLinux offers hardware certification, Mint updates old APT tools |
| • Issue 1087 (2024-09-09): COSMIC desktop, running cron jobs at variable times, UBports highlights new apps, HardenedBSD offers work around for FreeBSD change, Debian considers how to cull old packages, systemd ported to musl |
| • Issue 1086 (2024-09-02): Vanilla OS 2, command line tips for simple tasks, FreeBSD receives investment from STF, openSUSE Tumbleweed update can break network connections, Debian refreshes media |
| • Issue 1085 (2024-08-26): Nobara 40, OpenMandriva 24.07 "ROME", distros which include source code, FreeBSD publishes quarterly report, Microsoft updates breaks Linux in dual-boot environments |
| • Issue 1084 (2024-08-19): Liya 2.0, dual boot with encryption, Haiku introduces performance improvements, Gentoo dropping IA-64, Redcore merges major upgrade |
| • Issue 1083 (2024-08-12): TrueNAS 24.04.2 "SCALE", Linux distros for smartphones, Redox OS introduces web server, PipeWire exposes battery drain on Linux, Canonical updates kernel version policy |
| • Issue 1082 (2024-08-05): Linux Mint 22, taking snapshots of UFS on FreeBSD, openSUSE updates Tumbleweed and Aeon, Debian creates Tiny QA Tasks, Manjaro testing immutable images |
| • Issue 1081 (2024-07-29): SysLinuxOS 12.4, OpenBSD gain hardware acceleration, Slackware changes kernel naming, Mint publishes upgrade instructions |
| • Issue 1080 (2024-07-22): Running GNU/Linux on Android with Andronix, protecting network services, Solus dropping AppArmor and Snap, openSUSE Aeon Desktop gaining full disk encryption, SUSE asks openSUSE to change its branding |
| • Issue 1079 (2024-07-15): Ubuntu Core 24, hiding files on Linux, Fedora dropping X11 packages on Workstation, Red Hat phasing out GRUB, new OpenSSH vulnerability, FreeBSD speeds up release cycle, UBports testing new first-run wizard |
| • Issue 1078 (2024-07-08): Changing init software, server machines running desktop environments, OpenSSH vulnerability patched, Peppermint launches new edition, HardenedBSD updates ports |
| • Issue 1077 (2024-07-01): The Unity and Lomiri interfaces, different distros for different tasks, Ubuntu plans to run Wayland on NVIDIA cards, openSUSE updates Leap Micro, Debian releases refreshed media, UBports gaining contact synchronisation, FreeDOS celebrates its 30th anniversary |
| • Issue 1076 (2024-06-24): openSUSE 15.6, what makes Linux unique, SUSE Liberty Linux to support CentOS Linux 7, SLE receives 19 years of support, openSUSE testing Leap Micro edition |
| • Issue 1075 (2024-06-17): Redox OS, X11 and Wayland on the BSDs, AlmaLinux releases Pi build, Canonical announces RISC-V laptop with Ubuntu, key changes in systemd |
| • Issue 1074 (2024-06-10): Endless OS 6.0.0, distros with init diversity, Mint to filter unverified Flatpaks, Debian adds systemd-boot options, Redox adopts COSMIC desktop, OpenSSH gains new security features |
| • Issue 1073 (2024-06-03): LXQt 2.0.0, an overview of Linux desktop environments, Canonical partners with Milk-V, openSUSE introduces new features in Aeon Desktop, Fedora mirrors see rise in traffic, Wayland adds OpenBSD support |
| • Issue 1072 (2024-05-27): Manjaro 24.0, comparing init software, OpenBSD ports Plasma 6, Arch community debates mirror requirements, ThinOS to upgrade its FreeBSD core |
| • Issue 1071 (2024-05-20): Archcraft 2024.04.06, common command line mistakes, ReactOS imports WINE improvements, Haiku makes adjusting themes easier, NetBSD takes a stand against code generated by chatbots |
| • Issue 1070 (2024-05-13): Damn Small Linux 2024, hiding kernel messages during boot, Red Hat offers AI edition, new web browser for UBports, Fedora Asahi Remix 40 released, Qubes extends support for version 4.1 |
| • Issue 1069 (2024-05-06): Ubuntu 24.04, installing packages in alternative locations, systemd creates sudo alternative, Mint encourages XApps collaboration, FreeBSD publishes quarterly update |
| • Issue 1068 (2024-04-29): Fedora 40, transforming one distro into another, Debian elects new Project Leader, Red Hat extends support cycle, Emmabuntus adds accessibility features, Canonical's new security features |
| • Issue 1067 (2024-04-22): LocalSend for transferring files, detecting supported CPU architecure levels, new visual design for APT, Fedora and openSUSE working on reproducible builds, LXQt released, AlmaLinux re-adds hardware support |
| • Issue 1066 (2024-04-15): Fun projects to do with the Raspberry Pi and PinePhone, installing new software on fixed-release distributions, improving GNOME Terminal performance, Mint testing new repository mirrors, Gentoo becomes a Software In the Public Interest project |
| • Issue 1065 (2024-04-08): Dr.Parted Live 24.03, answering questions about the xz exploit, Linux Mint to ship HWE kernel, AlmaLinux patches flaw ahead of upstream Red Hat, Calculate changes release model |
| • Issue 1064 (2024-04-01): NixOS 23.11, the status of Hurd, liblzma compromised upstream, FreeBSD Foundation focuses on improving wireless networking, Ubuntu Pro offers 12 years of support |
| • Issue 1063 (2024-03-25): Redcore Linux 2401, how slowly can a rolling release update, Debian starts new Project Leader election, Red Hat creating new NVIDIA driver, Snap store hit with more malware |
| • Issue 1062 (2024-03-18): KDE neon 20240304, changing file permissions, Canonical turns 20, Pop!_OS creates new software centre, openSUSE packages Plasma 6 |
| • Issue 1061 (2024-03-11): Using a PinePhone as a workstation, restarting background services on a schedule, NixBSD ports Nix to FreeBSD, Fedora packaging COSMIC, postmarketOS to adopt systemd, Linux Mint replacing HexChat |
| • Issue 1060 (2024-03-04): AV Linux MX-23.1, bootstrapping a network connection, key OpenBSD features, Qubes certifies new hardware, LXQt and Plasma migrate to Qt 6 |
| • Issue 1059 (2024-02-26): Warp Terminal, navigating manual pages, malware found in the Snap store, Red Hat considering CPU requirement update, UBports organizes ongoing work |
| • Issue 1058 (2024-02-19): Drauger OS 7.6, how much disk space to allocate, System76 prepares to launch COSMIC desktop, UBports changes its version scheme, TrueNAS to offer faster deduplication |
| • Issue 1057 (2024-02-12): Adelie Linux 1.0 Beta, rolling release vs fixed for a smoother experience, Debian working on 2038 bug, elementary OS to split applications from base system updates, Fedora announces Atomic Desktops |
| • Issue 1056 (2024-02-05): wattOS R13, the various write speeds of ISO writing tools, DSL returns, Mint faces Wayland challenges, HardenedBSD blocks foreign USB devices, Gentoo publishes new repository, Linux distros patch glibc flaw |
| • Issue 1055 (2024-01-29): CNIX OS 231204, distributions patching packages the most, Gentoo team presents ongoing work, UBports introduces connectivity and battery improvements, interview with Haiku developer |
| • Issue 1054 (2024-01-22): Solus 4.5, comparing dd and cp when writing ISO files, openSUSE plans new major Leap version, XeroLinux shutting down, HardenedBSD changes its build schedule |
| • Issue 1053 (2024-01-15): Linux AI voice assistants, some distributions running hotter than others, UBports talks about coming changes, Qubes certifies StarBook laptops, Asahi Linux improves energy savings |
| • Issue 1052 (2024-01-08): OpenMandriva Lx 5.0, keeping shell commands running when theterminal closes, Mint upgrades Edge kernel, Vanilla OS plans big changes, Canonical working to make Snap more cross-platform |
| • Issue 1051 (2024-01-01): Favourite distros of 2023, reloading shell settings, Asahi Linux releases Fedora remix, Gentoo offers binary packages, openSUSE provides full disk encryption |
| • Issue 1050 (2023-12-18): rlxos 2023.11, renaming files and opening terminal windows in specific directories, TrueNAS publishes ZFS fixes, Debian publishes delayed install media, Haiku polishes desktop experience |
| • Issue 1049 (2023-12-11): Lernstick 12, alternatives to WINE, openSUSE updates its branding, Mint unveils new features, Lubuntu team plans for 24.04 |
| • Issue 1048 (2023-12-04): openSUSE MicroOS, the transition from X11 to Wayland, Red Hat phasing out X11 packages, UBports making mobile development easier |
| • Issue 1047 (2023-11-27): GhostBSD 23.10.1, Why Linux uses swap when memory is free, Ubuntu Budgie may benefit from Wayland work in Xfce, early issues with FreeBSD 14.0 |
| • Issue 1046 (2023-11-20): Slackel 7.7 "Openbox", restricting CPU usage, Haiku improves font handling and software centre performance, Canonical launches MicroCloud |
| • Issue 1045 (2023-11-13): Fedora 39, how to trust software packages, ReactOS booting with UEFI, elementary OS plans to default to Wayland, Mir gaining ability to split work across video cards |
| • Issue 1044 (2023-11-06): Porteus 5.01, disabling IPv6, applications unique to a Linux distro, Linux merges bcachefs, OpenELA makes source packages available |
| • Issue 1043 (2023-10-30): Murena Two with privacy switches, where old files go when packages are updated, UBports on Volla phones, Mint testing Cinnamon on Wayland, Peppermint releases ARM build |
| • Issue 1042 (2023-10-23): Ubuntu Cinnamon compared with Linux Mint, extending battery life on Linux, Debian resumes /usr merge, Canonical publishes fixed install media |
| • Issue 1041 (2023-10-16): FydeOS 17.0, Dr.Parted 23.09, changing UIDs, Fedora partners with Slimbook, GNOME phasing out X11 sessions, Ubuntu revokes 23.10 install media |
| • Issue 1040 (2023-10-09): CROWZ 5.0, changing the location of default directories, Linux Mint updates its Edge edition, Murena crowdfunding new privacy phone, Debian publishes new install media |
| • Issue 1039 (2023-10-02): Zenwalk Current, finding the duration of media files, Peppermint OS tries out new edition, COSMIC gains new features, Canonical reports on security incident in Snap store |
| • Issue 1038 (2023-09-25): Mageia 9, trouble-shooting launchers, running desktop Linux in the cloud, New documentation for Nix, Linux phasing out ReiserFS, GNU celebrates 40 years |
| • Issue 1037 (2023-09-18): Bodhi Linux 7.0.0, finding specific distros and unified package managemnt, Zevenet replaced by two new forks, openSUSE introduces Slowroll branch, Fedora considering dropping Plasma X11 session |
| • Full list of all issues |
| Star Labs |
Star Labs - Laptops built for Linux.
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Linspire
Linspire is a full-featured operating system (based on Debian GNU/Linux and Ubuntu) like Microsoft Windows XP or Apple Mac OS X. Linspire offers the power, stability and cost-savings of Linux with the ease of a Windows environment. In addition, Linspire features exclusive Click-N-Run (CNR) technology that makes installing software on Linspire fast and easy. Note: Linspire was acquired by Xandros Inc. in July 2008 and discontinued as a Linux distribution shortly afterwards. Linspire was later purchased by PC/OpenSystems in 2017 and sold as an Ubuntu-based commercial distribution.
Status: Active
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| TUXEDO |
TUXEDO Computers - Linux Hardware in a tailor made suite
Choose from a wide range of laptops and PCs in various sizes and shapes at TUXEDOComputers.com. Every machine comes pre-installed and ready-to-run with Linux. Full 24 months of warranty and lifetime support included!
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| Star Labs |
Star Labs - Laptops built for Linux.
View our range including the highly anticipated StarFighter. Available with coreboot open-source firmware and a choice of Ubuntu, elementary, Manjaro and more. Visit Star Labs for information, to buy and get support.
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