 DistroWatch Weekly |
| DistroWatch Weekly, Issue 733, 9 October 2017 |
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Welcome to this year's 41st issue of DistroWatch Weekly!
Software developers are required to find a balance between taking advantage of modern technology to offer new features in their work, while also not leaving behind users who are still using older equipment. This week we explore either end of the spectrum, beginning with a look at KaOS. KaOS is a rolling release distribution which runs on 64-bit systems exclusively and ships with the latest available software packages. Then Nicolae Crefelean shares some thoughts on why developing for older hardware is still important and a potential cost-saving approach. In our Opinion Poll we would like to know how many of our readers favour moving technology forward at the expense of dropping 32-bit systems verses maintaining support for older hardware. In our News section we talk about the Fedora project delaying test images for the distribution's Server edition, IPFire's Apache upgrade and we explore some of the security features of Qubes OS. Plus we share the releases of last week and provide a list of the torrents we are seeding. We wish you all a terrific week and happy reading!
Content:
- Review: KaOS 2017.09
- News: Fedora delays Server beta, Qubes outlines security features, IPFire updates Apache
- Opinion: 32-bit support prematurely obsoleted
- Released last week: Emmabuntus 9-1.00, NixOS 17.09, FreeBSD 10.4
- Torrent corner: Antergos, Bluestar, Chakra, Debian, Emmabuntus, FreeBSD, IPFire, NixOS, NST
- Opinion poll: 32-bit being dropped by distributions
- Reader comments
Listen to the Podcast edition of this week's DistroWatch Weekly in OGG (62MB) and MP3 (62MB) formats.
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| Feature Story (by Robert Rijkhoff) |
KaOS 2017.09
KaOS is a rolling release distribution built from scratch. Its stated aim is "to create the highest quality distribution possible". For that, it uses the Linux kernel, the KDE Plasma desktop and Arch's Pacman package manager. Interestingly, the project's website states that they are hoping to one day replace the Linux kernel with the Illumos kernel.
Installation and first impressions
KaOS is only available for the x86 (64-bit) architecture. The 2017.09 ISO is 1.7GB in size and enables us to run KaOS before deciding whether or not we want to go ahead and install the distro. The download page provides instructions for verifying the integrity of the ISO and detailed release notes - among the highlights of the latest KaOS release are the removal of Grsecurity and the addition of a Qt5-based firewall application called Nomad.
Before running a new distro I usually first install it in GNOME Boxes. KaOS is the first distro that didn't work in the virtual environment. The live ISO would boot to the desktop but then froze. I had no such issues when I ran the ISO on my laptop.
The live environment features a prominent welcome window with links to more information about KaOS and a button to start the installer. What also stands out is the single panel on the right-hand side. Personally, it's not where I would place a panel that includes an application menu, short-cuts and a system tray. KDE is of course very customizable and the panel can be moved to where it belongs (at the top!).
KaOS 2017.09 -- The welcome screen on the live ISO
(full image size: 413kB, resolution: 1366x768 pixels)
KaOS uses the Calamares installer which, as always, worked very well. I opted to overwrite the Parabola GNU/Linux system that was still installed on my laptop after my last review and to encrypt the new installation. The process took about 20 minutes.
After rebooting my laptop and logging into KaOS I was presented with a different welcome screen, a first run wizard called Kaptan. The application runs us through various Plasma settings. Among many others, we can choose the clicking behaviour for opening files and directories (single click or double click), what theme and application menu we want to use and which wallpaper we prefer. I'm not an experienced KDE user and I find customizing the Plasma desktop awkward, so for me the welcome screen was very welcome indeed. Unfortunately, though, I got a completely black screen after hitting the Finish button to apply my choices. I managed to get to a terminal via the Alt-F2 shortcut (which opens an application launcher) so that I could reboot the system. After logging back in I found all the customizations had been applied, apart from the wallpaper.
KaOS 2017.09 -- Customizing via the first-run wizard
(full image size: 311kB, resolution: 1366x768 pixels)
Pre-installed software
KaOS ships with KDE/Qt applications where possible. The project believes that such applications "provide the superior tool" most of the time but there are a few GTK applications that have been allowed to enter the repositories - among them are Inkscape and Ardour. In short, KaOS aims to provide the best tool for the job, with a bias towards native KDE/Qt applications.
To my surprise, KaOS doesn't pre-install any tools for various common jobs. To mention just a few, there is no e-mail client, scanning application, torrent client, dedicated RSS reader or video editor. This seems odd as there are excellent KDE/Qt applications available for these jobs. At the same time we do get applications such as Kruler (which displays a ruler on the desktop), Kirigami ("a user interface framework for mobile and convergent applications"), Qt Designer (which has something to do with designing Qt interfaces) and a HP Device Manager (even though I don't have any HP hardware).
Some of the applications that are included by default can hardly be called "superior". In the category of Science we get Marble, which describes itself as "your swiss army knife for maps". The application includes 14 different maps that can be explored. There are a few interesting ones, such as Martin von Behaim's Erdapfel, although that particular map was rather difficult to view. More practical maps contain basic errors. For instance, on the political map various countries, including the US, Canada, Germany and Russia, have no border and the same background colour as the sea, while some smaller countries such as Kosovo are presented as terra nullius (the country's name has been omitted).
KaOS 2017.09 -- Exploring a map in Marble
(full image size: 309kB, resolution: 1366x768 pixels)
The FatRat download manager also made me frown. The application was able to download torrents fine but I never got to explore its other features, partly because the on-line documentation routinely returned an error 500 and partly because FatRat kept crashing when I tried things like the RSS feed manager. FatRat appears to be unmaintained - the last stable release is from 2010 - and it shows.
Other pre-installed applications worked but were a little disappointing. Calligra, the productivity suite, is a good example. It has all I need for my modest office needs but I didn't get on with the interface. By default, menus and window decorations take up roughly 45% of the available screen real estate (yes, I measured it) which by any standard seems somewhat excessive. The large menu displayed to the right of text documents and worksheets is particularly offensive. I understand that this is a sensible place for a menu on 16:9 displays but I was missing an option to simply remove the menu. The presence of the sidebar menu meant it wasn't practical to have Calligra and, say, a browser window open side by side.
KaOS 2017.09 -- Trying to use Calligra and a web browser side-by-side
(full image size: 252kB, resolution: 1366x768 pixels)
It wasn't all misery in the applications department. For browsing we get the QupZilla browser, which I really liked. I found QupZilla to be fast, stable and it renders web pages perfectly fine. A nice touch is that the browser blocks ads by default (using AdBlock) and that it's very configurable. Other web browsers are available in the repositories, including Konqueror, Firefox, Opera and even Google Chrome (oddly, Chromium isn't available) but I found no need to use a different browser.
I also liked the QPhotoRec data recovery utility. In the past I've used PhotoRec on the command line to retrieve photos from a digital camera - the application can be a real life-saver (or, well, data saver). I wasn't aware there is also a graphical version of PhotoRec and I was keen to test it. Although I had no data to be rescued I tried to recover data from an old USB drive and it worked wonderfully well.
KaOS 2017.09 -- QPhotoRec and the Babe audio player
(full image size: 504kB, resolution: 1366x768 pixels)
Another application worth mentioning is the default audio player: Babe. Jesse recently didn't have any luck with the audio player when he reviewed Nitrux but it worked fairly well for me. I was able to select the directory in which I store my music and Babe retrieved everything recursively and it was able to play the file formats I use for music (mp3, flac and ogg). The application wasn't very good at retrieving album covers though. Babe won't use cover images stored in album directories and will instead try to retrieve them on-line. As a result, about half the albums in my music collection didn't have covers and the covers that were displayed were almost all incorrect. There were other small nuisances, such as the fact that Babe will display a desktop notification every time a new song starts playing.
The player itself is quite nice. By default it shows two panes: a large pane to display a list (or grid) with songs, albums, artists or playlists and a small pane to show the album cover and the song (or album) that is currently playing. Various controls (previous, next, pause, shuffle etc.) are displayed while hovering over the album cover. Among the controls is also a 'Go Mini' button which hides the left pane or, when selected again, reduces the size of the window to just the album cover. A final control that should be mentioned is the 'Babe it' button (a love heart), which can be used to 'babe' or 'unbabe' a song (yep, that is a verb). Babed songs are called 'Babes' and are listed under the Playlists tab.
Package management and the command line
As said, I found the default software selection disappointing and I spent quite a bit of time installing applications. KaOS doesn't feature a software centre but we can manage packages using Octopi, which is a graphical front-end for the Pacman package manager. Octopi worked well but it's by no means a replacement for a software centre. There is no easy way, for instance, to list all available media players or web browsers. To find out what software might be useful I largely relied on the Applications section on the KDE website.
Most of the software I installed worked well, with the exception of the Kmail email client. First, I got an error while installing Kmail. When I asked the KaOS IRC channel about the error I was instantly given a couple of commands to be copied and pasted into a terminal window, which solved whatever the issue was.
KaOS 2017.09 -- Kmail error
(full image size: 835kB, resolution: 1366x768 pixels)
Once Kmail was up and running I found that the message list wasn't visible - the message preview pane occupied the space where you would normally have a list with e-mails in the selected mail folder. Changing the layout in the settings and then reverting that change will give you the traditional layout, with the mailbox(es) to the left and the message list and preview pane to the right. The bad experience didn't end there though. I found that it would take Kmail between 5 to 20 second to open e-mails (even plain text emails with no attachments). Unfortunately, there appears to be no other e-mail client in the KaOS repositories - even mutt isn't included.
Other applications I installed were Skanlite, KTorrent, LibreOffice, GIMP, VLC, Inkscape, Kdenlive, Akregator, Digikam, Kdenlive and the Latte dock. I had no major issues with any of these applications and some I really enjoyed. In particular the Kdenlive video editor is a very nice application. Also worth mentioning is that the window decorations and menus in Inkscape, the only pure GTK application I installed, were indistinguishable from native Qt applications.
As an aside, three of the applications I installed - LibreOffice, GIMP and VLC - were beta releases. I'm not sure why KaOS doesn't ship the latest stable versions of these applications but all three worked fine. In the case of GIMP I actually quite enjoyed having the unstable release - I got to play with the new handle transform tool.
Although KaOS lacks a software centre the system does notify you when updates are available. The Octopi icon in the system tray (an octopus) will turn red and start blinking, which is mildly annoying but definitely encouraged me to apply updates as soon as possible. There were plenty of updates during the three weeks I tried KaOS and they were all installed quickly and cleanly.
KaOS 2017.09 -- Updating the system using Octopi
(full image size: 214kB, resolution: 1366x768 pixels)
Customizations
Earlier I mentioned that by default KaOS places a single panel on the right-hand side of the screen. I came across similar odd design choices. Dolphin, for instance, has its main toolbar on the left. I managed to customize applications to my liking but it was slightly frustrating to have to undo many of KaOS's tweaks.
The customizations extend to the command line. The default terminal emulator is Konsole and we also get Yakuake, a drop-down terminal that can be displayed (and hidden) using a custom keyboard shortcut. Both terminals use the Powerline plugin to make the command line prompt look prettier. The Vim text editor should also use Powerline for its status line but this has been misconfigured, causing an error to be displayed instead. I have no need for Powerline whatsoever and was able to get Vim to work properly again by removing the powerline.vim file.
KaOS 2017.09 -- The Yakuake terminal and two Konsole terminals
(full image size: 716kB, resolution: 1366x768 pixels)
There are other ways in which KaOS is trying to enhance the command line experience. The bottom-right terminal in the above screen shot is what is displayed when you run the top command. At first I thought it was showing the output of the htop utility but it is in fact top. As with Powerline, I agree the output looks prettier but I can't see what it adds. In fact, if you are familiar with top you will note that various bits of information about processes have been removed in KaOS's top implementation.
Similarly, KaOS seems to have a fetish for aliases. It is normal for distros to add one or two aliases to the default bashrc file, typically to use colours when listing files and directories. In KaOS we got over a dozen aliases. Among others, cp is an alias for cp -i (ask before overwriting a file when copying) and df is an alias for df -h (report on disk space usage in a human-readable format). Whether or not such aliases are useful is debatable.
Another interesting alias is upd, which is short for mirror-check && sudo pacman -Syu. To update the system I would normally simply run pacman -Syy and I couldn't find much information about the mirror-check command. Other aliases seem to have been added for very specific use cases. For instance, dvdburn is an alias for growisofs -Z /dev/sr0 -R -J and vp is short for vim PKGBUILD.
Conclusions
While using KaOS I often pondered what the distro adds to running a distro like Arch Linux with the Plasma desktop. Both are rolling release distros that ship with the Pacman package manager and the latest and greatest versions of the KDE Plasma desktop (you can compare the version of packages yourself).
There are two obvious differences between Arch and KaOS: the latter has a graphical installer and is dedicated to KDE and Qt. The installer doesn't seem that important - if installing Arch is too daunting then there are always Arch-based distros such as Manjaro and Antergos. The focus on all things KDE is a unique selling point though. Plus, KaOS comes with various customizations, whereas Arch is a blank canvas.
Personally, I would prefer the blank canvas. I found the selection of pre-installed software poorly chosen and the relatively small KaOS repositories are somewhat limiting - I was missing a software centre and I couldn't find a functional e-mail client, for instance. I also feel that, with the exception of the welcome screens, the various customizations made by KaOS are largely unsuccessful.
That said, after I had tweaked everything to my liking as far as possible I did enjoy using KaOS. Plasma looks good and there are plenty of excellent KDE/Qt applications. The system was fairly responsive, there were no insurmountable bugs and the frequent updates didn't break anything. KaOS also deserves praise for its documentation, which is simply excellent. It's just that KaOS seems to be trying a little bit too hard to be different.
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Hardware used for this review
My physical test equipment for this review was a Lenovo Z570 laptop with the following specifications:
- Processor: Intel Core i3-2350M, 2.3GHz
- Memory: 4GB of RAM
- Wireless network adaptor: Qualcomm Atheros AR9285
- Wired network adaptor: Realtek RTL8101/2/6E 05)
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Visitor supplied rating
KaOS has a visitor supplied average rating of: 5.8/10 from 28 review(s).
Have you used KaOS? You can leave your own review of the project on our ratings page.
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| Miscellaneous News (by Jesse Smith) |
Fedora delays Server beta, Qubes outlines security features, IPFire updates Apache
This week the Fedora project released a new beta snapshot for Fedora 27. The development snapshot offers a preview of new packages and features the Fedora team is developing. Missing among the usual download images for Fedora 27 Beta were ISO files for the project's Server edition. Fedora Magazine explains why the Server images have been delayed: "The Fedora Project just released the beta version of Fedora 27, including Fedora Workstation and Fedora Atomic Host. Since Fedora ships with three editions, you may be wondering: where's Fedora 27 Server beta? The short answer: it's coming soon. Remember Boltron, the Modular Server Preview from a few months ago? The Fedora Server team has been building on feedback from that preview and plans to make the next Fedora Server release based on this technology. But, the team also wants to make sure it would be actually useful to you, not just another preview. And, when it came time to make the general beta release, the team decided it wasn't ready yet." The project also reported it would be holding back 32-bit builds of the beta due to a problem in the checksum process: "Also be aware that we are missing i686 (32-bit Intel architecture) images for this release; this is due to a bug in image checksum creation and which we will fix by the final release."
* * * * *
Qubes OS is a project which creates an operating system that isolates tasks and information using Xen lightweight virtual machines. The project is previewing features for the upcoming release of Qubes OS 4.0 in a series of blog posts. The latest post covers different classes of virtual machines. "Qubes implements explicit partitioning security model, which means that users (and/or admins) can define multiple security domains and decide what these domains can and cannot do. This is a different model than the popular sandboxing model, as implemented by increasingly many applications and products today, where every application is automatically sandboxed and some more-or-less pre-defined set of rules is used to prevent behaviour considered 'unsafe' (whatever that might mean). I believe the explicit partitioning model provides many benefits over the sandboxing model, among the most important one being that it is information-oriented, rather than application-oriented. In other words it tries to limit damage to the (user's) data, rather to the (vendor's) code and infrastructure. There have always been a few different kinds of VMs in Qubes: AppVMs, Template VMs, Standalone VMs, NetVMs, ProxyVMs, DispVM, etc. In Qubes 4 we have slightly simplified and cleaned up these categories..."
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The IPFire project creates a distribution for use on firewalls. The distribution uses a web-based interface for administration which is powered by the Apache web server. The latest IPFire update bumps the Apache service from version 2.2 to 2.4 which may have side-effects. "For all users that have installed their own Virtual Hosts in Apache, the web user interface won't restart after the update. Please update the configuration files to the new configuration file format of Apache 2.4 and then restart the system. All IPFire add-ons will of course be automatically migrated." Additional information on the upgrade can be found on the project's news page.
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These and other news stories can be found on our Headlines page.
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| Opinion (by Nicolae Crefelean) |
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32-bit support prematurely obsoleted
Let's make one thing clear: 32-bit CPUs must fade away, just as 8-bit and 16-bit did in the past - it's not personal, it's evolution. But timing is important, because software and hardware share a symbiotic relationship. Now that Canonical has dropped the 32-bit Ubuntu Desktop ISO images, support for the aging CPU architecture has become a rarity.
Here's how top 15 looks on DistroWatch:
| Rank |
Distribution |
32-bit desktop support |
32-bit server support |
1 | Mint | YES | - |
| 2 |
Debian |
YES |
YES |
| 3 |
Manjaro |
- |
- |
| 4 |
Antergos |
- |
- |
| 5 |
Ubuntu |
- |
YES |
| 6 |
openSUSE |
- |
- |
| 7 |
Solus |
- |
- |
| 8 |
Fedora |
YES |
- |
| 9 |
Zorin |
YES |
- |
| 10 |
elementary |
- |
- |
| 11 |
TrueOS |
- |
- |
| 12 |
Deepin |
- |
- |
| 13 |
CentOS |
YES |
YES |
| 14 |
Arch |
- |
- |
| 15 |
PCLinuxOS |
- |
- |
One might say that if so many high-level popular distributions decided to drop 32-bit support, they're onto something and that we should just let go. And while there are multiple reasons that make perfect sense to move to 64-bit only, not enough people have the technical skills to know why in some cases this move is being pushed a bit too soon. Sadly, even some developers and distro maintainers overlook the practical importance of keeping 32-bit around for a while longer.
The main advantages of running a 64-bit operating system and programs are better overall performance and the ability to allow programs to use more than 4GB of RAM, which is not possible with a 32-bit operating system. And although an operating system with a 32-bit PAE kernel can make use of up to 64GB of RAM, each running process will still be limited to 4GB RAM at a time. This can be a serious bottleneck for resource-intensive games and productivity software, which is why it's best to use 64-bit operating systems and programs whenever possible.
But even when you have a 64-bit CPU, that's not enough for a decent computing experience. The 64-bit software comes with the cost of an increased RAM consumption. This is of course not a problem when we have enough RAM to handle our needs, but it quickly turns into an inconvenience when our programs need more RAM than physically available. When this happens, the kernel must resort to swapping.
Below you can see the RAM usage difference in Lubuntu and Ubuntu (Unity), both version 16.04. This clearly shows why Lubuntu 32-bit is the best fit for computers with low RAM.
| Environment
| 32-bit |
64-bit |
Difference |
| Lubuntu + Task Manager |
123MB |
193MB |
70MB |
| Lubuntu + Task Manager + YouTube in Firefox |
326MB |
459MB |
133MB |
| Ubuntu + System Monitor |
506MB |
642MB |
136MB |
| Ubuntu + System Monitor + YouTube in Firefox |
714MB |
909MB |
195MB |
If you know what swapping is, skip this paragraph; otherwise, read on. RAM is very fast and hard disk drives are very slow. The programs we use load their data into RAM because that's how they're best able to perform quickly. But when the available RAM is insufficient for all the running programs, the operating system has to make use of swap space. The swap space is located on a storage device - usually a hard disk drive (HDD) or a solid state drive (SSD). HDDs are much slower than SSDs, and if you replaced your HDD with an SSD on the same PC you noticed first hand the significant boost in the startup time of the operating system and all your programs. The low performance of the HDDs is mostly noticeable when the operating system starts swapping huge chunks of data and the PC starts to feel sluggish.
So how do we avoid swapping?
Buy more RAM;
use software that requires less RAM for the job (32-bit vs 64-bit).
As I wrote this article, Amazon had for sale close to 300 laptop models that come with 4GB or less RAM, and plenty of them cannot be upgraded. Yes, we're getting close to 2018 and you can still buy a brand new PC that limits you drastically with regards to what you can do with it. Who does this? Plenty of well known brands in computing: Acer, Apple, ASUS, Dell, HP, Lenovo, Samsung, Toshiba and others - all in the name of low cost PCs. And there are a lot of good PCs out there with 64-bit CPUs having 2-4 cores and SSDs, but they have low RAM because that's how the computer manufacturers prefer doing business. How else do you "encourage" your customers to buy a better model?
Of course, the second-hand market is also huge and there are plenty of good laptops and even desktop PCs that while otherwise capable of decent computing, their RAM limitation makes them unfit for 64-bit software despite having the capability.
Just in case you somehow missed this information, you should know that SSDs have a limited write cycle on their memory cells. So a HDD makes your PC very slow while swapping, and swapping on an SSD will shorten its lifetime. Basically, swapping is not good. And if you can't add more RAM to your PC because of a technical limitation, these are your options:
use the swap and deal with the consequences;
reduce your RAM usage by choosing a 32-bit OS and programs;
buy a PC with enough RAM for your needs, and which has RAM upgrade options.
Here's a wake up call for the developers and operating system builders: there's a lot of 64-bit capable hardware that is limited to 2-4GB of RAM by design. And then there's very good (older) hardware that does the job very nicely even with the latest and greatest OS - but the RAM limit affects them. Would you prefer people go buy a new PC rather than donate to your projects? And even after these people get new PCs, they will sell or give away the old ones, and the new users will face the same problem.
Here's a wake up call for the users: if you're affected by the RAM limitation, make sure you let the developers know. When you don't have the money or it doesn't make sense to buy a new PC because your existing one is already very capable, if you keep quiet you will soon see all the nice 32-bit options go away, and it will partially be your fault. Also, if you use an OS that still offers a 32-bit version, donate to the project and let them know specifically that you donated because 32-bit is still very important to you. Or at least write them a thank you message, because with less options today soon we will have to throw away perfectly capable PCs just because the developers and builders think almost nobody still cares about 32-bit.
There are users knowledgeable enough to use 64-bit software on RAM-limited PCs, because they are fully aware of their hardware specifications and they even monitor the RAM usage the whole time they use their PCs so they make good use of them with their favourite operating systems. That's beautiful, and we need more people like that. Be one of those users, but if you can, remember to support the projects you rely on. Or make plans for a new PC.
Lastly, here's a wake up call for the PC manufacturers: stop building PCs with less than 4GB of RAM - that's the least you can do. As many of us know, RAM is cheap. So when you decide to solder it on the motherboard without leaving an upgrade option, don't cripple the hardware. We have plenty of software developers doing their craft by the "RAM is cheap" mantra, so kindly consider that and help us move to 64-bit sooner rather than later. Besides, offering 32-bit drivers and support costs money, right?
Welcome to the server side
The first part of the article covers the interest of the users from the desktop side. Most of us only see that because we expect the desktop to come up when we push the power button of our PCs. But what happens when you want a blog, or a small presentation website? You'll be expecting a cheap hosting service to do the job, and most likely you will only look at the cost, not the operating system on your server. But if you're knowledgeable enough, getting the right Virtual Private Server (VPS) can lower your costs by using 32-bit to your advantage. You will pay less money for a VPS with less RAM, while running the same simple blog or website.
As a business owner you will surely care about the number of VPS instances you can sell, because the more customers you have, the more money you will make with your hardware. It's in your best interest to have knowledgeable customers, and not just because you can sell more VPS instances, but because having more customers on less hardware means you'll pay for less physical machines, less maintenance, less electricity, less power protection, less redundancy, have cheaper and faster disaster recovery, and so on.
We can easily see how 32-bit is very valuable in different ways. Of course if you plan having a huge database with data surpassing the 32-bit integer limit you will need a 64-bit operating system. A professional knows when to use a hammer, a sledgehammer or a pickhammer. That's why having choices is very important, and that's why everyone should give a second thought before considering dismissing 32-bit. This article barely scratches the surface of the advantages of the old architecture, for the purpose of being easier to digest. So leave your thoughts in the comments below, and share your insights and use cases for 32-bit.
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| Released Last Week |
Emmabuntus 9-1.00
Emmabuntüs is a Debian-based desktop distribution which strives to offer a beginner-friendly desktop experiencing while requiring few resources. The distribution ships with the Xfce desktop environment. The project's latest release is the second version to be based on Debian and uses Debian 9 "Stretch" packages at its core. The new version ships with UEFI boot support for both 32-bit and 64-bit computers. The project's release announcement lists the following changes: "Based on Debian 9.1 Stretch. UEFI support of the 32-bit version in addition to the 64-bit. Selection script for the new wallpapers designed by our friend Odysseus Libre. Installation menu for the non-free software in the Xfce menu. Added the book of Odysseus Libre 'The square who wanted to become circular' within Calibre, both in French and English version. Updated OOo4kids to version 1.5.1, thanks to the precious help of our friend Eric Bachard. Update of the Debian beginner's handbook by our mate arpinux. HandySoft replaced by GNOME Software Removal of SuperTuxKart and Hedgewars, in order to decrease the size of the distribution."
Emmabuntus 9-1.00 -- Running the Xfce desktop
(full image size: 562kB, resolution: 1366x768 pixels)
NixOS 17.09
NixOS is a Linux distribution which is assembled using the Nix package manager. Nix features package snapshots, rollbacks and the ability to manage the configuration of the operating system and its services. The NixOS project has released a new update, NixOS 17.09. The new version offers updated desktop packages, the ability to revive old user identification numbers (UIDs) and many new services. "In addition to numerous new and upgraded packages, this release has the following highlights: The GNOME version is now 3.24. KDE Plasma was upgraded to 5.10, KDE Applications to 17.08.1 and KDE Frameworks to 5.37. The user handling now keeps track of deallocated UIDs/GIDs. When a user or group is revived, this allows it to be allocated the UID/GID it had before. A consequence is that UIDs and GIDs are no longer reused. The module option services.xserver.xrandrHeads now causes the first head specified in this list to be set as the primary head. Apart from that, it's now possible to also set additional options by using an attribute set... The handling of SSL in the services.nginx module has been cleaned up, renaming the misnamed enableSSL to onlySSL which reflects its original intention. This is not to be used with the already existing forceSSL which creates a second non-SSL virtual host redirecting to the SSL virtual host. This by chance had worked earlier due to specific implementation details. In case you had specified both please remove the enableSSL option to keep the previous behaviour. Another addSSL option has been introduced to configure both a non-SSL virtual host and an SSL virtual host with the same configuration." A complete list of new changes and services can be found in the release notes. NixOS is available in Graphical and Minimal editions.
FreeBSD 10.4
The FreeBSD Release Engineering Team has announced the availability of a new update to FreeBSD's 10.x production series. The new version, FreeBSD 10.4, includes support for eMMC storage and expands Wake-On-LAN support for Intel networking cards. In addition, the GNOME desktop has been updated to version 3.18. "The FreeBSD Release Engineering Team is pleased to announce availability of FreeBSD 10.4-RELEASE. This is the fifth release of the stable/10 branch, building upon the stability and reliability of 10.3-RELEASE and introducing new features. Some of the highlights: 10.4-RELEASE is the first FreeBSD release to feature full support for eMMC storage, including eMMC partitions, TRIM and bus speed modes up to HS400. Please note, though, that availability of especially the DDR52, HS200 and HS400 modes requires support in the actual sdhci(4) front-end as well as by the hardware used. Also note, that the SDHCI controller part of Intel Apollo Lake chipsets is affected by several severe silicon bugs. Apparently, it depends on the particular Apollo Lake platform whether the workarounds in place so far are sufficient to avoid timeouts on attaching sdhci(4) there. Also in case a GPT disk label is used, the fsck_ffs(8) utility now is able to find alternate superblocks. The aesni(4) driver now no longer shares a single FPU context across multiple sessions in multiple threads, addressing problems seen when employing aesni(4) for accelerating ipsec(4). Support for the Kaby Lake generation of Intel i219(4)/ i219(5) devices has been added to the em(4) driver...." Further information can be found in the project's release announcement and release notes.
Network Security Toolkit 26-9267
Ron Henderson has announced the availability of a new version of the Network Security Toolkit (NST) distribution. NST is a bootable, live CD based on Fedora. The toolkit provides easy access to open source network security applications. The latest version, NST 26-9267, is based on Fedora 26 and includes several new features. "The Ntopng Hosts page has been enhanced for the geolocation of top active traffic flow connections. The Map below depicts top flow connections emanating from a site in Albany, N.Y. to web and compute cloud services data centres located in Ashburn, Va. (Amazon - AWS) and Cambridge, Ma. (Akamai - Cloud Delivery Platform). A host marker spreading feature allows one to expose flows to load balancing servers at those locations. The combination of host marker spreading with the superimposition of flows is similar to the Etherape application but with the enhancement of geolocation. Flows can be filtered for fine-grained analysis. Each host marker has an associated information window pop-up that includes nDPI - Ntop Deep Packet Inspection protocol detection, traffic flow rates and the accumulated data sent and received totals. An 'Active Flow Connections Editor' is also provided for configuring flow appearance and filter control. The Snort IDS NST WUI page now uses the Snorby application for the visual presentation of IDS events. NST Snort integration can simultaneously manage multiple instances of Snort IDS sensors using different rule sets..." More information can be found in the project's release announcement.
Chakra GNU/Linux 2017.10
The Chakra GNU/Linux project has announced the release of a new snapshot of the semi-rolling release distribution. The new installation media carries the version number 2017.10 and offers several package upgrades as well as an updated system installer. "The 2017.10 ISO is a maintenance release. As always, it is a snapshot of our stable repositories and includes all the package upgrades and changes that have happened in Chakra since the previous ISO release. Noteworthy changes include: New versions of the Linux kernel, Xorg server, and graphics drivers. Support for mesa libglvnd1. Dropping support for catalyst. The installer, Calamares, has been updated to version 3.1.5. Our home grown Heritage theme for Plasma received several improvements in the logout screen and icons. This release also ships with the following package versions that already available in our repositories..." A list of updated packages, along with screen shots of Chakra running the Plasma desktop environment, can be found in the project's release announcement.
* * * * *
Development, unannounced and minor bug-fix releases
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| Torrent Corner |
Weekly Torrents
The table below provides a list of torrents DistroWatch is currently seeding. If you do not have a bittorrent client capable of handling the linked files, we suggest installing either the Transmission or KTorrent bittorrent clients.
Archives of our previously seeded torrents may be found in our Torrent Archive. We also maintain a Torrents RSS feed for people who wish to have open source torrents delivered to them. To share your own open source torrents of Linux and BSD projects, please visit our Upload Torrents page.
Torrent Corner statistics:
- Total torrents seeded: 595
- Total data uploaded: 15.9TB
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| Upcoming Releases and Announcements |
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Summary of expected upcoming releases
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| Opinion Poll |
32-bit being dropped by distributions
This week Nicolae Crefelean talked about distributions dropping 32-bit builds, removing support both for older CPU architectures and making it harder for people running low-resource computers. This week we would like to find out what you think about the phasing out of 32-bit operating systems. Is it time to drop the older architecture or do 32-bit distributions still hold a valuable place in the world?
You can see the results of our previous poll on using free vs non-free web browsers in last week's edition. All previous poll results can be found in our poll archives.
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32-bit being dropped by distributions
| Maintaining a 32-bit build is a waste of resources: | 681 (26%) |
| 32-bit builds are still important: | 1513 (57%) |
| No strong opinion: | 467 (18%) |
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| DistroWatch.com News |
DistroWatch database summary
* * * * *
This concludes this week's issue of DistroWatch Weekly. The next instalment will be published on Monday, 16 October 2017. Past articles and reviews can be found through our Article Search page. To contact the authors please send e-mail to:
- Jesse Smith (feedback, questions and suggestions: distribution reviews/submissions, questions and answers, tips and tricks)
- Ladislav Bodnar (feedback, questions, donations, comments)
- Bruce Patterson (podcast)
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| Archives |
| • Issue 1155 (2026-01-12): MenuetOS, CDE on Sparky, iDeal OS 2025.12.07, recommended flavour of BSD, Debian seeks new Data Protection Team, Ubuntu 25.04 nears its end of life, Google limits Android source code releases, Fedora plans to replace SDDM, Budgie migrates to Wayland |
| • Issue 1154 (2026-01-05): postmarketOS 25.06/25.12, switching to Linux and educational resources, FreeBSD improving laptop support, Unix v4 available for download, new X11 server in development, CachyOS team plans server edtion |
| • Issue 1153 (2025-12-22): Best projects of 2025, is software ever truly finished?, Firefox to adopt AI components, Asahi works on improving the install experience, Mageia presents plans for version 10 |
| • Issue 1152 (2025-12-15): OpenBSD 7.8, filtering websites, Jolla working on a Linux phone, Germany saves money with Linux, Ubuntu to package AMD tools, Fedora demonstrates AI troubleshooting, Haiku packages Go language |
| • Issue 1151 (2025-12-08): FreeBSD 15.0, fun command line tricks, Canonical presents plans for Ubutnu 26.04, SparkyLinux updates CDE packages, Redox OS gets modesetting driver |
| • Issue 1150 (2025-12-01): Gnoppix 25_10, exploring if distributions matter, openSUSE updates tumbleweed's boot loader, Fedora plans better handling of broken packages, Plasma to become Wayland-only, FreeBSD publishes status report |
| • Issue 1149 (2025-11-24): MX Linux 25, why are video drivers special, systemd experiments with musl, Debian Libre Live publishes new media, Xubuntu reviews website hack |
| • Issue 1148 (2025-11-17): Zorin OS 18, deleting a file with an unusual name, NetBSD experiments with sandboxing, postmarketOS unifies its documentation, OpenBSD refines upgrades, Canonical offers 15 years of support for Ubuntu |
| • Issue 1147 (2025-11-10): Fedora 43, the size and stability of the Linux kernel, Debian introducing Rust to APT, Redox ports web engine, Kubuntu website off-line, Mint creates new troubleshooting tools, FreeBSD improves reproducible builds, Flatpak development resumes |
| • Issue 1146 (2025-11-03): StartOS 0.4.0, testing piped commands, Ubuntu Unity seeks help, Canonical offers Ubuntu credentials, Red Hat partners with NVIDIA, SUSE to bundle AI agent with SLE 16 |
| • Issue 1145 (2025-10-27): Linux Mint 7 "LMDE", advice for new Linux users, AlmaLinux to offer Btrfs, KDE launches Plasma 6.5, Fedora accepts contributions written by AI, Ubuntu 25.10 fails to install automatic updates |
| • Issue 1144 (2025-10-20): Kubuntu 25.10, creating and restoring encrypted backups, Fedora team debates AI, FSF plans free software for phones, ReactOS addresses newer drivers, Xubuntu reacts to website attack |
| • Issue 1143 (2025-10-13): openSUSE 16.0 Leap, safest source for new applications, Redox introduces performance improvements, TrueNAS Connect available for testing, Flatpaks do not work on Ubuntu 25.10, Kamarada plans to switch its base, Solus enters new epoch, Frugalware discontinued |
| • Issue 1142 (2025-10-06): Linux Kamarada 15.6, managing ZIP files with SQLite, F-Droid warns of impact of Android lockdown, Alpine moves ahead with merged /usr, Cinnamon gets a redesigned application menu |
| • Issue 1141 (2025-09-29): KDE Linux and GNOME OS, finding mobile flavours of Linux, Murena to offer phones with kill switches, Redox OS running on a smartphone, Artix drops GNOME |
| • Issue 1140 (2025-09-22): NetBSD 10.1, avoiding AI services, AlmaLinux enables CRB repository, Haiku improves disk access performance, Mageia addresses service outage, GNOME 49 released, Linux introduces multikernel support |
| • Issue 1139 (2025-09-15): EasyOS 7.0, Linux and central authority, FreeBSD running Plasma 6 on Wayland, GNOME restores X11 support temporarily, openSUSE dropping BCacheFS in new kernels |
| • Issue 1138 (2025-09-08): Shebang 25.8, LibreELEC 12.2.0, Debian GNU/Hurd 2025, the importance of software updates, AerynOS introduces package sets, postmarketOS encourages patching upstream, openSUSE extends Leap support, Debian refreshes Trixie media |
| • Issue 1137 (2025-09-01): Tribblix 0m37, malware scanners flagging Linux ISO files, KDE introduces first-run setup wizard, CalyxOS plans update prior to infrastructure overhaul, FreeBSD publishes status report |
| • Issue 1136 (2025-08-25): CalyxOS 6.8.20, distros for running containers, Arch Linux website under attack,illumos Cafe launched, CachyOS creates web dashboard for repositories |
| • Issue 1135 (2025-08-18): Debian 13, Proton, WINE, Wayland, and Wayback, Debian GNU/Hurd 2025, KDE gets advanced Liquid Glass, Haiku improves authentication tools |
| • Issue 1134 (2025-08-11): Rhino Linux 2025.3, thoughts on malware in the AUR, Fedora brings hammered websites back on-line, NetBSD reveals features for version 11, Ubuntu swaps some command line tools for 25.10, AlmaLinux improves NVIDIA support |
| • Issue 1133 (2025-08-04): Expirion Linux 6.0, running Plasma on Linux Mint, finding distros which support X11, Debian addresses 22 year old bug, FreeBSD discusses potential issues with pkgbase, CDE ported to OpenBSD, Btrfs corruption bug hitting Fedora users, more malware found in Arch User Repository |
| • Issue 1132 (2025-07-28): deepin 25, wars in the open source community, proposal to have Fedora enable Flathub repository, FreeBSD plans desktop install option, Wayback gets its first release |
| • Issue 1131 (2025-07-21): HeliumOS 10.0, settling on one distro, Mint plans new releases, Arch discovers malware in AUR, Plasma Bigscreen returns, Clear Linux discontinued |
| • Issue 1130 (2025-07-14): openSUSE MicroOS and RefreshOS, sharing aliases between computers, Bazzite makes Bazaar its default Flatpak store, Alpine plans Wayback release, Wayland and X11 benchmarked, Red Hat offers additional developer licenses, openSUSE seeks feedback from ARM users, Ubuntu 24.10 reaches the end of its life |
| • Issue 1129 (2025-07-07): GLF OS Omnislash, the worst Linux distro, Alpine introduces Wayback, Fedora drops plans to stop i686 support, AlmaLinux builds EPEL repository for older CPUs, Ubuntu dropping existing RISC-V device support, Rhino partners with UBports, PCLinuxOS recovering from website outage |
| • Issue 1128 (2025-06-30): AxOS 25.06, AlmaLinux OS 10.0, transferring Flaptak bundles to off-line computers, Ubuntu to boost Intel graphics performance, Fedora considers dropping i686 packages, SDesk switches from SELinux to AppArmor |
| • Issue 1127 (2025-06-23): LastOSLinux 2025-05-25, most unique Linux distro, Haiku stabilises, KDE publishes Plasma 6.4, Arch splits Plasma packages, Slackware infrastructure migrating |
| • Issue 1126 (2025-06-16): SDesk 2025.05.06, renewed interest in Ubuntu Touch, a BASIC device running NetBSD, Ubuntu dropping X11 GNOME session, GNOME increases dependency on systemd, Google holding back Pixel source code, Nitrux changing its desktop, EFF turns 35 |
| • Issue 1125 (2025-06-09): RHEL 10, distributions likely to survive a decade, Murena partners with more hardware makers, GNOME tests its own distro on real hardware, Redox ports GTK and X11, Mint provides fingerprint authentication |
| • Issue 1124 (2025-06-02): Picking up a Pico, tips for protecting privacy, Rhino tests Plasma desktop, Arch installer supports snapshots, new features from UBports, Ubuntu tests monthly snapshots |
| • Issue 1123 (2025-05-26): CRUX 3.8, preventing a laptop from sleeping, FreeBSD improves laptop support, Fedora confirms GNOME X11 session being dropped, HardenedBSD introduces Rust in userland build, KDE developing a virtual machine manager |
| • Issue 1122 (2025-05-19): GoboLinux 017.01, RHEL 10.0 and Debian 12 updates, openSUSE retires YaST, running X11 apps on Wayland |
| • Issue 1121 (2025-05-12): Bluefin 41, custom file manager actions, openSUSE joins End of 10 while dropping Deepin desktop, Fedora offers tips for building atomic distros, Ubuntu considers replacing sudo with sudo-rs |
| • Issue 1120 (2025-05-05): CachyOS 250330, what it means when a distro breaks, Kali updates repository key, Trinity receives an update, UBports tests directory encryption, Gentoo faces losing key infrastructure |
| • Issue 1119 (2025-04-28): Ubuntu MATE 25.04, what is missing from Linux, CachyOS ships OCCT, Debian enters soft freeze, Fedora discusses removing X11 session from GNOME, Murena plans business services, NetBSD on a Wii |
| • Issue 1118 (2025-04-21): Fedora 42, strange characters in Vim, Nitrux introduces new package tools, Fedora extends reproducibility efforts, PINE64 updates multiple devices running Debian |
| • Issue 1117 (2025-04-14): Shebang 25.0, EndeavourOS 2025.03.19, running applications from other distros on the desktop, Debian gets APT upgrade, Mint introduces OEM options for LMDE, postmarketOS packages GNOME 48 and COSMIC, Redox testing USB support |
| • Issue 1116 (2025-04-07): The Sense HAT, Android and mobile operating systems, FreeBSD improves on laptops, openSUSE publishes many new updates, Fedora appoints new Project Leader, UBports testing VoLTE |
| • Issue 1115 (2025-03-31): GrapheneOS 2025, the rise of portable package formats, MidnightBSD and openSUSE experiment with new package management features, Plank dock reborn, key infrastructure projects lose funding, postmarketOS to focus on reliability |
| • Issue 1114 (2025-03-24): Bazzite 41, checking which processes are writing to disk, Rocky unveils new Hardened branch, GNOME 48 released, generating images for the Raspberry Pi |
| • Issue 1113 (2025-03-17): MocaccinoOS 1.8.1, how to contribute to open source, Murena extends on-line installer, Garuda tests COSMIC edition, Ubuntu to replace coreutils with Rust alternatives, Chimera Linux drops RISC-V builds |
| • Issue 1112 (2025-03-10): Solus 4.7, distros which work with Secure Boot, UBports publishes bug fix, postmarketOS considers a new name, Debian running on Android |
| • Issue 1111 (2025-03-03): Orbitiny 0.01, the effect of Ubuntu Core Desktop, Gentoo offers disk images, elementary OS invites feature ideas, FreeBSD starts PinePhone Pro port, Mint warns of upcoming Firefox issue |
| • Issue 1110 (2025-02-24): iodeOS 6.0, learning to program, Arch retiring old repositories, openSUSE makes progress on reproducible builds, Fedora is getting more serious about open hardware, Tails changes its install instructions to offer better privacy, Murena's de-Googled tablet goes on sale |
| • Issue 1109 (2025-02-17): Rhino Linux 2025.1, MX Linux 23.5 with Xfce 4.20, replacing X.Org tools with Wayland tools, GhostBSD moving its base to FreeBSD -RELEASE, Redox stabilizes its ABI, UBports testing 24.04, Asahi changing its leadership, OBS in dispute with Fedora |
| • Issue 1108 (2025-02-10): Serpent OS 0.24.6, Aurora, sharing swap between distros, Peppermint tries Void base, GTK removinglegacy technologies, Red Hat plans more AI tools for Fedora, TrueNAS merges its editions |
| • Issue 1107 (2025-02-03): siduction 2024.1.0, timing tasks, Lomiri ported to postmarketOS, Alpine joins Open Collective, a new desktop for Linux called Orbitiny |
| • Issue 1106 (2025-01-27): Adelie Linux 1.0 Beta 6, Pop!_OS 24.04 Alpha 5, detecting whether a process is inside a virtual machine, drawing graphics to NetBSD terminal, Nix ported to FreeBSD, GhostBSD hosting desktop conference |
| • Issue 1105 (2025-01-20): CentOS 10 Stream, old Flatpak bundles in software centres, Haiku ports Iceweasel, Oracle shows off debugging tools, rsync vulnerability patched |
| • Issue 1104 (2025-01-13): DAT Linux 2.0, Silly things to do with a minimal computer, Budgie prepares Wayland only releases, SteamOS coming to third-party devices, Murena upgrades its base |
| • Full list of all issues |
| Star Labs |
Star Labs - Laptops built for Linux.
View our range including the highly anticipated StarFighter. Available with coreboot open-source firmware and a choice of Ubuntu, elementary, Manjaro and more. Visit Star Labs for information, to buy and get support.
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| Random Distribution | 
SNAPPIX
SNAPPIX was a KNOPPIX-based live CD Linux distribution with a pre-integrated SNAP Platform. It attempts to integrate the best open source Java components into an easy-to-use toolkit, revolving around an open source JVM implementation, the Eclipse IDE, and Apache Tomcat.
Status: Discontinued
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| TUXEDO |
TUXEDO Computers - Linux Hardware in a tailor made suite
Choose from a wide range of laptops and PCs in various sizes and shapes at TUXEDOComputers.com. Every machine comes pre-installed and ready-to-run with Linux. Full 24 months of warranty and lifetime support included!
Learn more about our full service package and all benefits from buying at TUXEDO.
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| Star Labs |
Star Labs - Laptops built for Linux.
View our range including the highly anticipated StarFighter. Available with coreboot open-source firmware and a choice of Ubuntu, elementary, Manjaro and more. Visit Star Labs for information, to buy and get support.
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